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I might be obsessed with the idea of identity. Having written two previous articles on this topic (here and here), I was about to return to it yet again, but then I thought it would be more fun to talk about how I met John Cornelius Oliver (crazy English dude on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart) when I got stranded in a couple of countries on my way to a wedding in Africa because London shuts down every time a sprinkling of snow occurs. I know famous people! Anyway, come with me as I reveal the details of my epic journey to the ends of the earth. It’s one for the grand kids.

I alluded to a possible obsession above. Obviously this is an exaggeration (you knew that, right?). However, for someone who has been in “exile” for long time (i.e. me), there’s a tendency to lose sight of where one has come from as one integrates all this stuff from the places one now spends one’s time. So, a good way to address this is to take a trip back to home; to confront one’s demons, as it were. For me, that means going to Nigeria.

Ok, so I didn’t make the trip to Nigeria simply because I wanted to tackle questions about my identity. That was more of a side effect. My real reason for going was to attend a couple of Marriage Ceremonies. One was Traditional, and had been systematically avoided by the groom for years by way of his simple refusal to return home from the U.S. (brilliant strategy, if you ask me). The other was a Church wedding for a good friend…I was expected to be one of the groomsmen. Even though I hadn’t been for over 7 years, not making the trip wasn’t really an option.

So, it was with some perturbation (ok, fear…maybe even dread) that I boarded the plane at Newark Airport. I was finally returning the the land of my birth and upbringing. My mind was all over the place. I tried to think back to the last time I was there. I was a struggling student at University in England, and my trip home was to provide some much needed rest and relaxation, as well as to harrass my parents into giving me more money for my international adventure. The trip before that, barely six months before, was for a similar purpose.

On both occasions, I didn’t have time to truly examine my feelings towards my “home”. I wasn’t really interested in what was going on there at the time. Identity was not an issue. I had other things to worry about. So, it became apparent to me that this was the first time I was returning with no agenda (weddings aside), free of an all-round non-positive outlook, ready to “just see” what was in store for me. The further away from New Jersey I got, the stronger my unquiet got. I was glad I was going to stop over in England briefly, where my brother would join me for the final leg of the journey to Lagos. At least, I wouldn’t be arriving on my own.

That was the plan anyway. But we all know that life has a way of providing excitement (or shafting you, if you prefer) when such is least expected, or needed. About an hour before we were scheduled to land in London, the captain announced that all airports in England were closed because of snowfall. I was surprised. I had barely gotten away from an expected storm in the North East USA only to fly straight into another one in Europe. Us passengers were told that the plane would have to land at an airport in another European City. Brussels was full. Paris was full. Zurich…no go. We were told that we would be landing the party city that is Hannover, Germany. Yay!

If I had internet access onboard, I would have been able to find out from Wikipedia that Hannover is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony, and was once the family seat of a group of Kings of Great Britain. Today, it hosts commercial shows like the biggest Marksmen’s funfair (guns!) and the second largest Oktoberfest in the world (beer!). Plus, there is a massive zoo there. All of this means that the place is fairly dead for most of the year.

I took it rather well. I had never been to Germany, even though I lived in England for about 6 years. Maybe this was the universe giving me the chance to experience something new. The thought of missing the wedding because of delays entered my mind, but that seemed highly improbable. I had 4 days left. There was no way in the world I wouldn’t get there in 4 days. There was no point bitching about anything till then.

So it was that over 200 passengers finally made it to a hotel about half an hour from Hannover Airport at about 1 AM local time, courtesy of Virgin Atlantic, after hours spent waiting in various queues. All closer (and fancier) hotels were fully occupied by other stranded people. I won’t talk about how I almost froze to death because I wasn’t dressed for “it’s effing freezing!” temperatures, or the unpleasant jetlag that accompanied me for the 2 days we were there. That would be nitpicking. I mean, things could have been a lot worse. We could have been sleeping on the floor of Heathrow airport like those poor sods we could see on TV.

To be honest, I didn’t completely mind being there. It wasn’t cool being in limbo though. Virgin had nobody on the ground (the flight crew had been put in another hotel, where they could be safe from us), so we had to get our updates from the hotel staff (who managed to stay polite even though they had to handle enquiries from loads of angry americans). There was a board in the lobby that also got updated at various points during the day with information on meals, possible departure times, etc. We never actually saw the so-called Virgin rep who allegedly put the information up. I was sure it was really done by mysterious elves, but then again I was suffering from extreme jetlag and might have been delusional.

In any case, we passengers became like a big family. We were all in the same boat, all of us potentially missing out on important events at our destinations. Reunions, weddings, Christmas dinner, hotel reservations. People start to identify with each other in circumstances like that. We talked about our options, alternative routes, ways to mobilize and get the airline to take us seriously and get us where we needed to go. We gathered for meals at the appointed times, getting to know each other and trying to make the best of a bad situation. The planning of the operation was…almost non-existent. There was no real co-ordination. No one knew how many passengers there were. They didn’t even take our names when we checked in. Anyone could have stepped up to the reception that night and gotten a free room and free meals, all paid for by Virgin. It was really strange.

One afternoon we all had to pile into buses and get taken to eat elsewhere because the hotel restaurant had been booked for some prior event. So, anyone who wasn’t in the lobby at the right time basically missed lunch. What was even scarier was the fact that when it was time to go back, no one bothered to tell us. After the meal, I was lost in conversation with an American Indian – I mean an Indian who I thought was American-raised, but who turned out to have picked up his “extreme” American accent while growing up in India. It was weird; he had only been in the US for about a year or something. I accused him of being a sellout – and an English dude. After a while we realized that the other passengers had disappeared. We ran for the entrance of the building to find that there was one bus there. We got in, and the driver left shortly afterwards. No one ever counted or checked anything. I am convinced there are still a few stranded people in Hannover right now, walking the streets, lost forever because they missed the bus. Ahem.

Oh yeah, as I mentioned at the start, John Oliver was there! I first noticed him at Hannover Airport. He looked regular. In fact, I was starting to think I might be mistaken until I noticed a few people go up to him to shake his hand. Even then, he was really gracious. I expected endless jokes and maniacal laughter. Instead, he was just…regular. I was a little disappointed. And I felt foolish. The fact that I didn’t say hello when I first saw him now meant I could no longer do it.

At lunch, myself and my Indian companion noticed him at a table (with his missus). The lunch tables had enough space for 6 – 8 people, but none of the other spaces were taken. I guess people wanted to give them space or something. We spent a substantial amount of time debating whether or not to sit next to him after we had gotten food. Eventually we made the move, said hello and sat down. Before I had time to engage him, some posh people came and took him away to have lunch at some posh restaurant…away from us mere mortals. Opportunity lost. Sigh.

Later on that day, I was walking past the lobby of the hotel when he called out to me. He asked me if I was on the Jets Football team. I was shocked. Then I realized that I was wearing a Jets hoodie; plus the Jets were actually playing that day (I also like to think there’s a chance I have the build of a football Wide Receiver…at least a kicker…but maybe I’m delusional). I laughed. He laughed. All was well. I didn’t have to go to him and say hello; he came to me! Because I’m cool like that. I might have blushed a little, but don’t tell anyone.

Hannover was turning out to be alright. I figured I would be outta there first thing the next day. Then I checked and saw that it had been snowing again in London. At that point it became apparent that I might actually not make it on time.

You’ll have to come back in a few weeks to read the conclusion of this amazing tale.

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On The Sour Subject of Death :-(

It’s okay. You don’t have to run away; it’s just good ol’ Death…the end of life as we know it. And you know what…it might not be so bad…really. In fact, the good thing about death is the certainty. I mean, if there’s one thing you can be sure of when you are born, it’s that you will die. It’s a fact of life…like crappy traffic on the I-95 on Labor Day in the United States. Why the fuss? Why am I so uncomfortable writing about this that I feel the need to insert unnecessary bad jokes in the first paragraph of this write-up? Why? Because Death scares the life out of me – pun intended.

I suspect I am not alone. Death has been scaring us humans since the dawn of our species. I am not going to go into details about how Bo, my caveman ancestor, handled his fear of death. I have already written a brief summary of his explioits here. Suffice to say, I don’t think he thought about it that much. This attitude of not thinking about the coming of the Grim Reaper has remained with us till now, except the context is completely different. I’ll try to explain this as we go along, so try to keep up with me.

What is death? What, I ask? The answer is…well…to tell the truth, I haven’t the foggiest idea. No one does, as far as I know. All I know is that at some point, I will stop breathing, and my body will start to decay…unless I am eaten by sharks or something. But you get the picture. We are born, we live, then we die, one way or the other. It is the way it is. But why do we die? The answer really depends on who you ask.

Let’s start with Religion; Christianity, in particular (sorry, I was raised a catholic). Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden…Paradise. All was well. Then Eve screwed up (women, eh?), allowing the snake to convince her to eat fruit from the one tree that God had warned them against. She then got Adam – poor sod – to do the same. Now I don’t like to point fingers, but this blatantly shows that women can’t be trusted. I have shared this sentiment with my wife in the past; but she threatened to stop feeding me, so I took it back.

Where were we? Yeah, God was pissed off, as you can imagine. He decided to chuck them out of paradise; and he threw in a death sentence as well, for good measure. He also decided that all their offspring would suffer the same fate. I have always thought this was a bit harsh, but what do I know? In any case, that is why we die. I can’t speak for other religions, but if you’re a christian, you can walk around knowing that your life will end someday because your great, great, great, great, great…[repeat...not really sure how many times]…great grandpa listened to his female companion. Be warned…Ouch! [that's me expressing pain as my wife smacks the back of my head. Don't shoot the messenger dear, okay?]

In Scientific terms, we age until we die from complications that result from, well, ageing (this is the practical case for religion as well, except without the cool romantic tragedy as a backdrop). This is of course assuming trauma or disease don’t get us first. That’s key in the overall question of the cause of death from a scientific point of view. What I am thinking about here is why it is that we age at all, or more to the point, why this ageing leads to death. It’s an interesting point. Evolution (I pick this because it’s largely accepted in Science) seems to be really good at preserving the “best-suited” of our offspring. How come even these chosen ones are thwarted by death?

In simple terms, this seems to happen because immortality – or more practically, longevity – is not the point; Reproduction is. In the early days of life on this planet, the living environment was much harsher. Death happened…a lot. It can get complicated to define what makes an organism a separate unit, instead of just a group of cells, but I think it’s safe to say that life was comparatively short for our much less complex ancestors. They starved, were ravaged by infections and disease, fried by radiation, or eaten by others long before they could collect their pensions. From that perspective, the survival of a species really comes down to how many children one can spawn, and how much better suited to the environment the kids are.

This was cool for them back then. It was even cool for the Bo the caveman and his brethren as the same deadly dynamics were still much in play during his time. However, for the civilized man of the future i.e. me, this is bad. Everyday, I work towards defeating all of these factors that might separate me from life prematurely. I don’t go on safaris (no chance of ending up as some crazy lion’s lunch), I eat enough for 2 people (no chance of starvation), try to exercise every now then to stay healthy, etc. Modern society allows me to spend time developing my intellect, for instance by watching Jersey Shore. However, Selection (natural, group…whatever) has just not caught up. As a species, humanity is better now at successfully avoiding the stuff that would kill us off while we are young, and we are reproducing exceptionally well – RE: Octomom. In our relative old age, we are now encountering new killers that evolution simply has no answer for…yet: degenerative diseases, bone depletion etc. Put simply, solving one problem has simply allowed another one to emerge.

There are obviouly other theories around, including the idea that death is necessary for life to be the way it is, but I can’t get into them right now. At the end of the day the result is the same, whichever way you arrive there. We die. There is definitely a suckiness to this fact. This suckiness can be compounded by dwelling on how soon one might die. I know it has become a mini-obsession of mine since I officially became old this year. Turning 30 raises one’s all-round cheerlessness exponentially, at least in my experience. We can hear the Grim Reaper calling out to us (or maybe that’s just me). In any case, thoughts about death might arise a bit more as we grow older.

I don’t think this is necessarily a bad thing. In fact, considering one’s mortality can actually allow you to appreciate the time you have here more. I like life a lot more now. I love my wife, my children, friends and family. I am also able to remove unnecessary things from my life with more ease. I now work more on maximizing the good stuff, and minimizing the negative stuff. I just don’t know how much more time I have.

And sometimes death might be welcome. My comment on the I-95 traffic at the start of this piece is there for a reason. People will do extreme things to get away from it, like jumping off a bridge.

Besides, it’s what comes after death that’s the real problem for most of us when it really comes down to it, not the dying bit. Though I would rather not go out like the chap on the highway above.

More on this next time.

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The Anatomy of Swearing

Please be warned: this article is peppered…no…imbued with barely concealed profanity and vulgarity. Those of a sensitive disposition…please go elsewhere.

Swearing is one of those things that is encoded in our genes. It’s been here since the dawn of man. You can bet that Caveman Bo cursed the first time he accidentally kicked his foot against a rock. Of course swearing covers a whole lot more than just that, but that’s the bit that is really interesting for me. By that, I mean the act of saying “s**t!”, or any of the other choice words we might use when stuff goes wrong (or right even). Why use that word? Why not “daisy!” or “flower!” or “Lord love a duck!” (read that one in a P. G. Wodehouse book). What’s so special about the curse word in a particular scenario? What would happen if you yelled out “frog!” instead? What are the psychological implications? Does it even matter what word you use? Why are there curse words anyway?

Profanity stems from the word “profane”, which basically means something that is outside of the church. So, something profane back in the day would be something that was not allowed in the church. The church had a prominent role in civilized society back then (and now still?); so, a lot of what was considered as profanity at the time was anything that was offensive to religion (Christianity) e.g. blasphemy, taking the Lord’s name in vain…that sort of thing. As time went on, I suppose this gradually changed to mean anything that was not accepted as “decent”.

People cursed back then, as they do now, for a variety of reasons. There is cursing to abuse (f**king idiot); cursing as a response to some event (s**t, my husband came home early); cursing to add emphasis (that’s f**ing fantastic); cursing to attack (think “Charmed” and the Power of Three…and I didn’t watch the show, honest). Shakespeare was hugely popular at least to some extent because he had a dirty mouth. Almost all of his original works contain significant amounts of profanity…particularly of the religious kind. He took stuff that was sacred and violated it in clever ways. That is the way it was. Anything religious was fair game. Think of the word “bloody”…as in “that’s bloody great”, for instance. This word tracks back to the crucifixion of Christ. As you can imagine, swearing on Christ’s Blood was hugely offensive…so naturally people thought it would be a great way to express themselves.

All of this foul-mouthedness was concentrated around certain subjects. These include Religion (the original), Sexuality (the most fun), Race and other Human characteristics (the most offensive in present society). In the olden days, Religious “swears” where the absolute worst, because they were in defiance of God. It meant you were going to hell (this seemed to be what the people wanted, ‘cos most of them cursed anyway). However, we are seeing a shift now, and swears that are abusive to people are now regarded with much more negative sentiment. It’s probably a reflection, in some ways, of how much more secular society is becoming.

In any case, words like the aforementioned “bloody” no longer pack the punch they used to. That particular word, like some others, seems to have run out of steam sometime in the last century. This happens as times change; society evolves, people discover new things. However, some curse words have been around for ages, and they are still going strong. Ass and f**k both date back to the 16th Century. G. D. (can’t write this out properly on paper…still scared of going to Hell) follows closely. Heck, even b*tch was used back in 1400 (“a malicious, spiteful, promiscuous, or otherwise despicable woman”).

Staying power in some cases has much to do with the subject matter the curse word references. The human derriere seems to be an interesting subject for an alarming amount of people. And sex…well, ditto. Thus, such words have been supplying pain, ridicule and humor across the ages…and they are not about to stop now.

We are cursing more than ever today in response to…life. Adulthood is often marked by being able to curse without being berated by a teacher at school (which is why kids at 10 are adults in New York). For young ones, it’s another thing that adults do that they can as well. In groups or at work, it takes on another dimension. I remember working in a supermarket and feeling really left out because I couldn’t go in the smoking room when others (including the boss) did. I believed “deals” were brokered in there. And I’m not just being bitter about being passed on for a promotion for a guy who knew nothing, simply because he smoked with the managers. I’m not bitter at all. I did spend quite a while learning to smoke, sure that it would come in handy as a social tool…only to end up employed at a company where no one smokes. No one.

Still, being able to curse around people often implies a level of comfort. It’s almost akin to letting your hair down. Take a load off, pull up a chair, say s**t. It’s a way of identifying with the group. So, yes, it could mean a promotion is easier to come by if the boss “identifies” more with you than someone else. It could also be a badge that says you belong.

There’s guilt attached to it for some people. I use the term “heck” quite a bit in my writing…which is just a pseudo for Hell. Pseudos are a useful way to swear without really swearing. People come up with…interesting replacements. Shite or shoot for sh*t, darn for damn, BS for Bulls**t. There are those that think this sort of thing is pointless. They say “if you are going to curse, just do it already. Don’t cover it up. God knows what you were really trying to say. You are going to hell anyway”. Might as well go the distance. In some cases, the pseudo does actually end up being as bad as the original. Crap was a pseudo for s**t when it first came out…now it’s regarded almost the same.

But when it really comes down to it, nothing really beats a proper swear word to deliver the message clearly. Saying shite just isn’t as powerful as the real thing. Stuck in traffic and late for a flight; work project going all wrong; a major fight with your partner; money invested with Bernie Madoff…all of these seem to call for powerful expletives. Some studies have shown that cursing can increase endurance. It seems that humans are wired to swear, at least in such situations. The urge to swear in those circumstances comes from a primitive part of the brain…it’s instinctive. It might be somehow tied to emotions, thus the reason why it might help to reduce pain as well as just letting off steam.

It is so because, psychologically, it is a way of…de-stressing. To put it simply, it’s better for Tommy to swear loudly than for him to stab someone. Tommy has an idea what a curse means. This idea is shaped by perception of the word and the context of the application. When applied in the appropriate context, it’s sort of like therapy. The word, once uttered, triggers the appropriate response that means, you know, release of some sort.

So, it’s not just the act of voicing a word that implies anger, frustration, excitement etc. It’s actually THAT word in particular. This is why pseudos just don’t cut when it hits the fan. S**t wouldn’t be s**t if it was s**t, you see?

The other thing that was found (which might be a bummer for you folks that swear every time you trip over yourself) is that swearing seemed to help to dull the perception of pain in some groups more than others e.g. women more than men. They believe that this because men tend to swear more often than women, so the words aren’t just as effective. They have reduced punch because they are common place.

So swear (more when you slam your finger in the door, than when you lose a one dollar bet) and it could help you. Over do it and it loses it’s potency. Anything done in moderation…

All in all, as long as you don’t do it every two minutes, it would seem that it might not be such a bad thing.

The whole thing has one thinking though…could regular words we know today become curse words in future? Maybe a hundred years from now, someone will yell “fish!” when their toes are stepped on.

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Cultural Identity (Part 2)

I am imagining a club that has existed for generations. My parents’ parents were members. My parents are members. The rules of the club are mystical and unfathomable to the un-initiate. They cannot be understood by the logical mind. The very idea of this club is based on shared history and faith. Now, I have been given the task of preserving these sacred traditions and handing them over to the next generation. It could be the plot of a cool fantasy movie; except in this case, the hero – my humble self – says “Whatever. I’m off to play Street Fighter”. End of movie.

That’s what’s happening with older cultures and traditions…sort of. They just can’t keep up with the new world. It’s change. Change will come no matter what. It’s relentless and brutal in it’s sweeping away of the old. Globalization, the internet…it’s happening. And, like anything else, there are pluses and minuses (is that really a word?). On one side you have the keepers of tradition, who maintain that holding on to the older ways, at least in some form, not only helps to preserve the connection to something bigger than oneself, but also helps to enrich one’s everyday life. On the other side you have those that believe that we have to focus on the things that encourage unity and integration in our societies. I am sure there are other views that are neither here nor there, but you get the picture.

Those, like my grandma, who fight to preserve “the old ways” can seem a bit out of touch with reality in their thinking sometimes, just like Snooki and the crew. They give many reasons to justify their proposition, but too often it comes down to something like “It’s been our way of life for generations” or “It’s part of who we are”. The younger, global-citizen types can simply scream back in unison “WE DON’T CARE!”. It’s been there for ages, so it should never pass away? I’m not convinced. The preservation of culture for culture’s sake just doesn’t cut it anymore. Sorry, grandma.

Still, while I might take issue with that argument, I do believe there is a lot for the old guard to fight for. When it comes to old ways, I think that the whole is definitely more than a sum of the parts. What makes up tradition? Shared ancestry, shared language, shared religion etc. All of these together are the building blocks for the structure of a given culture. The most important bit, in my humble opinion, is the “sharing”. Belonging to and living in accordance with these traditions is a communal way of life. It’s sharing with one-another; brotherhood. In other words, connection. I’d like to think that this connection is one of the big reasons people fight for tradition, even if that isn’t immediately obvious.

No question about it, shared tradition connects people – e.g. Apple Mac owners, for instance…stuffy bunch. Belonging to any club can add a “heaviness” to one’s social identity. It can give one’s life a grand purpose. This can also be true even when a member does not really believe in or subscribe to the core message of the group. Just being a member can make all the difference. Now, throw in family ties, history, time etc and you have a connection that is even more powerful. In a world that is getting increasingly impersonal, this is something that is important, at least to those who are aware of what would be lost if the group were to disintegrate i.e. grandma!

I was reading The hero with a thousand faces by Joseph Campbell, a fantastic book that explores the relevance of Mythology across a wide variety of peoples of the world. There’s so much about how these rituals and shared myth can shape individuals in a group. It is powerful stuff. In modern society, the idea of culture in some respects has been reduced to “character”, enlightenment (of the intellectual variety) and even infrastructure (See Capital of Culture). It has become more of a spectator sport or something of the mind, rather than something that one participates fully in, body and soul. That deep connection is missing.

Modern society therefore seems sterile in this respect. Everything seems to be based more on reason and logic. What about reverence for one’s ancestors? Where are the masquerades that chase kids all over the place? What about the rites of passage that chldren pass through to become adults? What about the periodical gatherings of the people to celebrate…I don’t know…the full moon?! In the absence of these acts that allowed people to develop deep bonds with each other, what are we left with…Facebook?

At the end of the day, there has to be a balance. I am unique as an individual, inasmuch as I am a member of a group. I can be part of the new world and still keep the useful stuff from my ancestral culture (though not the language. Once again, sorry grandma). In fact, I fear that one’s cultural identity can sometimes be used as an excuse for refusing to assimilate. It can be used as a wedge between oneself and one’s current environment and neighbors. So, it is important to see the bigger picture. What one loses in the way of bonds within a smaller group, one gains in the way of bonds to a much larger group. This sort of thing might not bode well for the survival of my little tribe, but it could be good for me, and perhaps the world, as long as I don’t lose myself.

I think a lot of these older cultures are going to become extinct. Even so, I still think that trying to pass on the core values of my culture to my children would be a worthwhile activity…if I knew what they were. Instead, I will pass on the lessons I have learnt in life. No doubt, some of those will be traceable back to my ancestors. So, in that sense, maybe I’ll be passing on my cultural identity to my kids afterall.

When I think about cultural identity, images of people in traditional African garb involved in some sort of ceremony immediately come to mind. These pictures are indicative of the associations that have been made in my mind around the concepts of culture and tradition. This particular set of images may be related to my particular background, but it’s the symbolism that is important here. What these images suggest to me is the idea that one’s cultural identity links back to something deep, almost primal or instinctual, within us as humans. What I am trying to get at is more than just a set of traits that define a people; but more the in-depth and often elaborate rituals and behaviors that tie a group of people together…the sort of stuff that is not easily accessible in modern society.

I am speaking (writing, if you insist on nitpicking) as somone who should have a direct line of connection to my cultural heritage. Both my parents are from the same Ethnic Group in West Africa. They both speak the language, and are fully familiar with the customs. Sadly, we (meaning myself and my two brothers…me in the middle, like Malcolm) do not speak the language, at least not at a respectable level; and are only generally aware of said customs. It was certainly not a priority for me when I was growing up. I liked video games better.

There were a lot of old customs in full-swing all around me…even in the midst of all the western influences that were making their way into our lives as we got older. There was religion – churches on every corner in the town I grew up, it seemed to me – but ancient customs still stood. In fact, when it really comes down to it, tradition still trumps religion. For instance, one might get married in a church, but would still have to do the traditional wedding ceremony – always first – according to the customs of the bride’s family. I personally have dreaded this practice since I hit puberty and realized I might have to get married. In fact, it is the chief reason I haven’t returned home since I got married while I lived in England years ago. Angry in-laws are waiting for me to come and properly “claim” my bride. I fear they have scouts at ports of entry into the country. It’s best to avoid returning altogether.

As children, adults in the family tried to make us aware of the dangers of not knowing where one was from, of not being able to communicate in anything other than the White Man’s language. There were stories of times during the civil war when being able to speak your language and/or understand local customs was the only proof that you were not the enemy…thus sparing yourself from a violent death at the hands of your own. While tales of the war were cool – one particularly juicy bit involved my uncle, then a child, being dressed-up as a girl to avoid the “draft” – we weren’t too worried about this situation ever arising for us; not in modern times. In fact, most attempts to learn about our tribal customs as we were growing up were driven by the fear of “Mama-Sisi”…my grandma on my dad’s side.

Sisi had a habit of turning up at our house from the village unannounced, causing all kinds of issues. She always seemed to be grumpy when I was a child…the perfect human expression of a wet blanket. We mostly tried to avoid her…like the plague. However, we knew that at some point during her visit we would inevitably be summoned to her abode (the guest room at our house) to be judged for our sins – our lack of appreciation of our culture. This experience was always nerve-racking…about as much fun as water-boarding. While I can say I gradually got on better with my grandma as I got older and could see through her “attitude”, I can never look back with any fondness at those meetings. They were, without exception, horrible.

Each encounter usually started with a paragraph or two in our mother-tongue, which we would invariably fail to understand. Then she would switch to English and proceed to lecture us extensively. She often called my parents in to get a share of the tongue-lashing for failing to pass this knowledge onto us (if they weren’t smart enough to make themselves scarce once she started). She also berated them for being so westernized themselves. They weren’t exactly happy about her manner of imparting wisdom, but they got the point; and often put in a decent effort to get us on the right path after each…er…pep-talk. They would try to speak the native tongue a little bit more, buy some books to educate us, etc. It never lasted. Everyone reverted to type after a few days.

I knew – then and now – that such attempts were doomed from the outset because culture is not something that can be transferred in a such a half-hearted manner. It has to be lived; it has to be embodied. There’s just no way to do it part-time. I had friends who were much more fluent in their tribal tongues and traditions. Each had been brought up with their parents instilling these ideas pretty much from birth. Not so with us. My parents tranferred their own unique set of values to us – effortlessly, I might add. In fact, they get extremely high marks for that. As a adult, I am still surprised how much of them I have in me. This, however, is not the same thing as being brought up with the values of “the tribe” unless the tribe is just mummy and daddy. I guess that is the key. My parents are members of their tribe, but it doesn’t pervade their lives enough for them to be natural extensions of it. Interesting…

For my grandma, her culture was a significant part of who she was, or who she thought herself to be. The demise of the tribe = the demise of her. This is a BIG deal. It’s the reason why ideas like these are so powerful. Tie in the identity of the people to the identity of the structure. They will fight till the death to protect it. My grandma was (still is) trying to preserve herself in a way, by preserving the idea of her tribe. She expected that idea to pass on to her offspring so they would hold it in the same manner, and then pass it on to their offspring. And so on, till infinity. That’s the idea. She failed to do that.

For better or worse, the power of my father’s cultural identity isn’t as strong with him as it was with his parents; probably because he’s a surgeon who rips people’s throats open for a living. Whatever the reason is, this condition is a lot worse with my generation. It’s a safe bet that my kids will be even further away from their ancestral legacy in that respect. I caught my 3-year old son singing “All the single ladies…all the single ladies” with a big smile on his face the other day. Strange. Such leanings raise serious questions that I won’t try to answer here. Has the tribe lost me and my Beyonce-singing child? What’s the big deal anyway?

More on that next time.

Selflessness…it’s all in genes

In an earlier article, I explored the idea of Natural Selection and how the value of an individual could be an important factor in it’s survival in a group. What I didn’t mention was where this perspective fits into current views of science on evolution. As I understand it, there are essentially two angles; one that has the individual’s own well-being as the primary driver for one’s actions, and the other, where the group’s well-being is the driver.

What would you do for a Klondike bar?. I am not sure how far I’d go myself, though they are quite tasty. The fellow in this particular ad is forced to hang out with his mother-in-law and – gulp – massage her toes. This, at least in the current context (though I’d venture it’s also universal true), is an unpleasant ordeal for the individual. He is able to live through it because he gets the reward. He has sacrificed his well-being and dignity in return for the prize. This is the core of the Individualist view. What’s in it for me?

There is the possibility of extending that idea to include one’s immediate group or close relatives. I am talking wife and kinds here, mostly. So, the dude above might massage his mother-in-law’s toes even if there was no juicy snack for him at the end of this dark and dreary tunnel. He might do it if, perhaps, his very rich mother-in-law would contribute to his child’s college fund. While this might not necessarily be of direct benefit to himself as an individual, it is of benefit to his kid. Thus, it is of benefit to his “family”. So, the individual is able to make sacrifices for his immediate group. This is as far as it goes though. There will be no toe-massaging to help get some money for cousin Andrew’s new HD TV.

This view is one that underestimates the importance of socialization and group dynamics; family and love (as much as love can be applied to animal communities) i.e. it’s all about self-preservation.

This means, for instance, that for a person to give away their wealth or time, they would have to get something back (either directly for themselves or for their immediate group). We see this all the time. People might get rewarded with status, political favors, praise etc. However, we also see people give of themselves in situations where there is no clear benefit. They might get a “buzz” from it…that is the reward. I suppose one could argue that this doesn’t translate to something for nothing, as they get the feeling. However, what we are examining here is evolutionary. Why would the human body or brain generate the hormones that stimulate the aforementioned feeling from doing such an activity? Especially since this feeling – one that ensures that the individual is likely to do more of the same – is of no “benefit” to the person? That’s the kicker. It just doesn’t add up.

And so it goes. We find that it is frequently the case that no gain can be isolated that is primarily for the individual, or just for the individual’s family or descendants. Instead, the gain is for others in the wider group. It is the same for people who go off to help out in poor countries, or campaign for a better planet. In each case, the effects and benefits are on a larger scale – the group in question could even be all of humanity. This sort of behavior flies in the face of the individualist idea of “me first”. It would seem that the behavior of the individual has not always evolved for completely selfish reasons; but also for the good of the group.

A different example of this might be a person who is chronically ill. Investigations have shown that patients who need help the most, but are really unhappy, are least likely to get it. This is because depressed patients repel doctors and nurses with their attitude. They moan, complain or just aren’t that great to be around. They are downers. They actively accelerate their rejection by such actions. By implication, they accelerate their possible demise. Once again, we can look at this from an evolutionary perspective. Such behavior would be justifiable if there was something in it for this individual. Perhaps, more resources for his family after his death or something to that effect. However, most of the time at least, this isn’t the case.

Studies have shown that most people who are this way are the least likely to have close family and friends. They tend to be loners. Thus, their death is of little profit to any would-be relatives. The gains to be made are for the whole group i.e. less resources would be wasted on the individual who was no longer contributing meaningfully to the group. Instead, they seem to execute a sort of “self-destruct” program, hastening their own removal from the picture.

This is in contrast to another group of patients who, though in a similar situation as regards sickness, are better able to handle themselves i.e. they are nicer and easier to deal with, even as dying patients. Such people tend to have more family and friends. Such people tend to get more attention and help because they are still “good to be around”. Their attitude and demeanor ensure that they are more likely to get the help they need from care-givers. And they also tend to live longer. Once again, this is contrary to the individualist view. There are more people who would “gain” from the death of such a person, yet this person’s behavior ensures that they are around longer.

It seems to have more to do with value and contribution. Humans, like most animals, are about the group. People who have loads of friends and family tend to be better off than those who don’t. As an extension, groups with individuals that work well together tend to do better than those that are less so. If you look at behavior from the perspective of the group rather than the individual, you can see that the group would clearly favor individuals that offer more value to the group as a whole. There are loads of examples of these, if you can be bothered to check them out. You have the Human Immune System, where killer cells that are successful in attacking invaders get more resources and reproduce more, while the less successful die out, starved of resources. You have cell-suicide (part of Apoptosis) where cells that are “broken” in some way unwittingly send out signals that cause them to be killed or starved to death, or to even poison themselves, as they are no longer of any use to the body.

What’s really interesting is how Advanced Neural Networks work off the same principles, as explained by Howard Bloom in his books. A Neural network consists of a number of nodes which combine together to achieve a function (the central nervous system is an example of a biological Neural Network). These networks have ways of learning and optimizing to get the best performance in solving problems. Essentially, individual nodes that work better towards solving the problem receive more connections and continually get more energy sent their way. Those that don’t receive less and less. They are not approached often, as they are dumped in the bunch that just don’t measure up. There isn’t much of a fuss about this; it’s just the way it is.

It would seem that we all have selflessness in us, whether we like it or not. This doesn’t mean each individual has to sacrifice himself for others. I think it’s more of a question of fulfilment and value. The idea is that you have to live life and play your part in your group (family, work, school, fraternity). As long as, internally, you feel a “sense of accomplishment” about your life and your contribution – whatever that means to you – then you should be alright. You would be a person of value. You would thereby be adding to the value of the group. If you feel like you are of low value, then your nature will begin to “exercise selflessness” and work towards removing you from the group, in general terms.

I think it was put best in the Bible… “To he who hath it shall be given; from he who hath not even what he hath shall be taken away”.

Natural justice can be pretty brutal, if you ask me.

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Natural Selection…A View

The idea of Natural Selection is intriguing and, oddly, quite logical. It’s like a less ridiculous version of the TV Game Show Takeshi’s Castle. This show, in addition to being ludicrously funny, highlights some of the key concepts of this natural – if not completely accepted – phenomenon. Basically, you have a large group of contestants who have to overcome a series of challenges and finally defeat the boss to win. All the challenges have a significant amount of luck involved. In fact, some of them are all luck. However, players stand a better chance of getting through if they are fit, agile and have good co-ordination. One can imagine that those that make to the end would hold some valuable information that might increase the chances of success for future contestants. Well, that could be so if it wasn’t a crazy TV show.

Thinking about how organisms adapt and develop new characteristics to deal with their environment is just a little bit mind-bending, if you really get into it – and most people don’t. Basically, every life-form (including the homo-sapiens) is in a fight for survival. This stuff is hard-coded somewhere deep, like in DNA or something. The ultimate goal is the survival of the species. It means defeating disease, predators, as well as the environment. In order to do that, each species has to adapt – i.e. become better suited – to the conditions around them. Those who can’t, die. Simple. Each individual in the group plays her own role. Some cope better than others. Some get trampled on. Some just sort of get by. Some rise and become leaders. The process by which these individuals come to prominence (or obscurity, for that matter) is not necessarily fair. It might be that they luckily survive some viral attack, or they are of a larger size than their peers, or perhaps they are of a more aggressive disposition. In any case, these individuals survive. They can therefore pass on their genes to offspring who, with some luck, inherit their survival traits. This, in turn, is good for the group as a whole. This is my understanding of Natural Selection, in a nutshell.

There is competition for resources in all living systems. With our complete domination of the earth (unless you consider cockroaches…the little buggers will probably be here long after we’re gone), our current view of this is really concentrated on competition with each other. In the old days, Bo the caveman and his homies were too busy trying to survive to worry about holy wars. One can imagine that, after a somewhat lackluster childhood, Bo became special as a man because of his uncanny ability to bash-in Sabre-Toothed Tiger heads. Thus, nobody messed with him. He was important to the group. He could protect the shepherds while they foraged their sheep (or whatever they had back then). He was kept away from dangerous trips to the canyon to get water; the one where many fell to their deaths. He was well fed, so he could keep up his strength. Best of all, Bo got the best women, as ladies – even back then – love to rub shoulders with a celebrity. Plus, they all wanted to be his baby-mama. By the time he was killed at the ripe, old age of 34 (trampled to death by a woolly mammoth while napping in dangerous territory after a particularly tasty meal), he had serviced every female in the group, including the big chief’s missus. Even in death, Bo’s legacy lived on, as quite a few of the next generation were his.

That is “Survival of the fittest”, sort of. This example had more of a social framework perhaps, but it’s still the same principle in nature. That principle seems to be that systems feed more resources to those who are useful; those who are successful at surviving. The more value one provides, the more resources one is likely to get. Wasting supplies on failures or inefficient individuals is bad for the group. Best let them fade away while fellas like Bo get more. Fellas like Bo are survivors. Fellas like Bo contribute more to ensure the group stays around longer. So, in general, the group redirects resources from the less useful to the more useful, where necessary. This whole process has a kind of brutal justice to it. It’s cruel for the Individual but powerful for the survival of the group/species/organism.

Another really good example comes from the immune system of the human body. This is another topic that is really fascinating to learn about. You couldn’t find more drama in day-time soap operas. I won’t get into it here, but we’ll say that there are a variety of Cells along with Antibodies that are involved in protecting you from invader micro-organisms that would do you harm. The group we are most interested in here are B-Cells; one of those that float around waiting to be alerted to the presence of these invaders so they can attack them. When this type of cell is alerted, and subsequently “activated” (like a dog set on a target by giving it a scent to follow, for instance), it starts to reproduce by cell division. All these kid-cells descend on the poor unsuspecting visitors and attempt to destroy them. Now, those that are strongest and most successful, for whatever reason, continually get fed resources to keep going. Those that are weaker are out-competed and die. This is related to a process called Apoptosis. Apoptosis also ensures that cells that are infected automatically send out a signal that marks them for death, whether they want to or not. These cells are wiped out by their own brothers before they can spread infection further (Some invaders have found ways to stop this signal from going out, causing infections to spread and wreak havoc on the human, as the killer cells have no way of telling that these cells are “hot”). Also, cells that are unable to carry out their functions properly for whatever reason are not spared either. Either the “environment” notices and stops supplying resources to the cell, or the cell basically kills itself, by a form of poisoning, for instance. In any case, the body does not waste further food supplies on weak links.

I have simplified the above process quite a bit, but it’s the best I could do without boring you to death. The point is that nature, both internally and externally, favors success. Being successful, in nature anyway, generally leads to more success. Failing, on the other hand, means a tendency towards the bottom of the pile…death. There is an experiment which was done some time ago where they put a group of rats in a cage and periodically subjected them to electric shocks – it goes without saying that being a rat must really suck. They also put a button in the cage that, when pushed, would stop the shocks for all the rats, for that particular wave. Basically, early on, some rats found the button while the others didn’t. Those that did immediately went for it whenever the shocks started, and were able to temporarily provide relief for the entire group. Those that didn’t have that option took the shocks, one can imagine, helplessly. The longer-term results were interesting. The helpless rats had very high levels of stress, understandably. Their immune systems suffered. Their reflexes suffered. They didn’t even have the ability to attempt escape when ample opportunity was given to them. They were completely resigned to their fate. The other ones, in contrast, where considerably better off. Even though they received just as much in the way of shocks as the others, the fact that they had the succeeded in doing something about it had great effects on them. They stayed sharp. They lived longer. They also attempted escape when given the chance. Their bodies (psychology, hormones etc) provided positive feedback in response to success and equipped them for more of it. As for the others…well, their nature turned on them. This experiment was tried on other animals with similar results.

Humans now live in much more complex systems and groups. Being “Successful” in any of the groups isn’t just about staying alive anymore. Failing to succeed also doesn’t mean death. That said, similar rules still apply. Take for instance, a simple example of an attempt at success in the “Corporate World”. You start, hypothetically, at university where you have to take a particular course. If you pass, you are welcomed in. You have proven success. Those who can’t make it (for whatever reason…laziness, illness, poverty, stupidity) are chucked out. As you move forward, the system continually rewards you for more success. There are more connections, more partnerships in this space; relationships that will keep the good stuff coming for years, giving you the tools to make your ability to succeed even greater. Internally, your confidence soars with each new victory, ensuring that you have the stamina to keep going. So, even if you have one or two set-backs, you still have enough juice to keep you churning for a while. If you fail, however, you can become an outcast from this class. Making it becomes harder. The system rejects you. Psychologically, repeated failure could take its toll on your confidence. Even when you try, people around may see your lack of conviction in your eyes, in your demeanor, in your body language. They aren’t likely to give you the time of day. Thus, you could sink further. You could end up screwed, both by the environment, and by yourself. Death might not be the consequence, but exit from the system, this situation still is.

This is the world we live in. It is, in a way, as nature intended. There are many things that can separate success from the failure in our systems…geographical location, ancestry, looks, innate intelligence or lack thereof etc. Some people seem to have more traits that allow them to excel, in addition to having the social background that mean that the odds may be heavily skewed in their favor. The good thing about evolution is that Man now has much more power to reject the status quo, if he chooses to. He can consciously try to improve himself and perhaps get to places that were previously out of his reach. He can analyze, learn, plan and work his way to his chosen goal, in spite of the environment he is in. He can nuture the more subtle parts of his nature to find fulfillment that isn’t tied to an external goal.

Heck, he can even abandon the system altogether and go off on his own path.

Before I continue, I would like to clear up a few things. No, I don’t work for Apple (neither am I looking for a job with them). No, I have not been commissioned to do marketing for them (Hint, hint, Apple. I can be reached at donald@masteryourfate.com. Paypal donations accepted). I am just another professional – no, human being – who has been seeking that Holy Grail for the Mobile Life (which I’d like to think I am living, but that may just be me and my illusions of Grandeur): A device which will allow me to truly reproduce, at least partially, ALL of the important processes which I can do on my computer. I have now found it. Thus, I feel compelled to share this/bore others with this fact. Why? Well, because I can. Here’s a list of the features I require for daily life:

- Emails and Internet…decent speed
- Audio/Video Player
- Camera (Video and Audio)
- News
- Forex Charting/Analysis apps
- WordPress Blog/Twitter updates
- A bunch of other miscellaneous applications

My search has taken me to the highest of mountains and lowest of valleys (ahem), through days filled with fear and longing, and sleepless nights without internet access, wondering if my trades had gone wrong and wiped out my trading account. No more. No more, I say.

It has been a long and winding road to get here. Once I had accepted that I “needed” one of these mobile/PDA life enhancing thingies, I had to get one. Need is a powerful thing. I usually discover that I need things close to birthdays and Christmas. At this point, my long-suffering missus is brought up to speed a couple of months out. By the time it’s a month till the event, my need has reached fever pitch. The missus now has to sanction the acquisition of the item of desire (a PS2, an XBOX, an XBOX 360, numerous mobile phones, even a car…now we add the iPhone 3GS) before I spontaneously combust.

So I got a Blackberry first. It was great for checking active email accounts (all 6 of them). The internet was a bit dodgy though. The screen was also way too small. it just didn’t feel like the internet in my hand, you know? So, I jettisoned it after some months (I forget the excuse…but it was clearly life or death). I got the T-Mobile G1 a month before Xmas. That was fun for a while. The internet was better (though T-Mobile’s 3G network is not great). I was also exposed to a new world of applications. I lusted for greater power though. I still had to carry an Ipod around. Android (the Google Mobile operating framework) shows a lot of promise, but the better phones and applications are years away. Ok, maybe the end of the year; but that’s like light-years in the mobile world.

Then recently, a colleague suddenly acquired an iPhone. I was assaulted with sweet temptation from all sides. In due time (like a couple of days), I caved and went out and got one (Anyone want a T-Mobile G1?). All I can say is WOW! Check out a typical Monday:

- Wake up to alarm (iPhone).

- Listen to some relaxing Enya (what I listen to is my business) as I prepare (iPhone in dock)

- Listen to podcasts as I drive (FM trasmitter in car…the VW iPod adapter is rubbish)

- Use iPhone App “Simplex FX” to do some Forex Technical Analysis on Charts during the day. Take notes if I notice anything interesting. Flashes of inspiration can be put on blog. Internet use is a cinch.

- Take iPod to gym and listen to more podcasts and my spanish learning thingy

- Miscellaneous tasks, of which they are many on the iPhone

- Playback some of my personal statements (e.g. “I am the Greatest”) before I go to bed (voice recorder on my iPhone)

- Sleep until I am awakened by alarm

- Rinse and repeat till infinity.

I can be away from my PC for days and still function. It’s the best life-partner a guy could ask for (apologies to my wife)! I can honestly say that my quest to make the world a better place now has a boost…ahem.

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A half-arsed view of risk…?

600 Americans die falling out of bed each year (Time Magazine, Nov 2006). I guess I’ll be sleeping in from now on…

Seriously though, statistics like this belie the true facts. They can over-generalize and leave you with the wrong impression; in this case, the impression that trying to get out of bed could kill you, which, while true, is a massive exaggeration. In truth, most of the people who meet their demise this way are much older or much younger than the average. Basically, it’s still okay for you to risk getting out of bed.

So it’s really about the idea of risk and whether the rewards of attempting something are worth the potential cost. The issue of risk has never been more relevant than it is today. I mean, we are slowly recovering (knock on wood) from the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression in the 1930s. It’s been bloody and painful to watch and experience it first-hand. Thus, it’s timely to bring up that old lovable-rogue, Risk. Why? Well, because he is mostly to blame for the BS we have all had to endure over the last year or so…if you believe most people. There are others in the line-up as well; Greed, for instance. However, Risk features prominently somewhere between cause and effect here.

I remember watching the United States’ Congress grilling the “Wall Street” CEOs after it was revealed that most of their philosophy for management seemed to be about maximizing risk and hoping for the best. Okay, not really; but most of these clowns were a bit rubbish, really. In any case, I was a little sad because I could see the effect such a spectacle (almost a public hanging, sort of) would have – not on the CEOs themselves; they might now be a little bit constrained in their current environment, but they will soon find other ways to express their dare-devil tendencies…or just retire with their massive bonuses – on those regular people at home who watched it; those who were reeling from the new harsh reality of living in tough economic times after years of prosperity; those who might decide that this was proof that taking risks is just not worth the trouble.

As I alluded to in the opening sentence of this article, risk-taking is inherent in our lives. There’s the whole having to get out of bed thing. There’s driving to work under the assumption that other drivers will be reasonable folks, not psychotic murderers out for blood. There’s eating out at a restaurant not knowing what the chef (or his prankster assistant) has put in your meal. I’m nitpicking here, I know; but it’s interesting how human beings can give a much higher risk weighting to one thing, completely ignoring the statistics, because of perception. For instance, I read an article in Time Magazine a little while ago that pointed out an interesting fact. As of the date of that article (Nov 2006), precisely no one in America had been killed by Avian Flu, which was busy inducing barely restrained panic in people. However, the common flu contributes to the death of over 36,000 Americans a year. Talk about misplaced fear (er…I have never taken the flu shot either, and Swine flu freaked me out completely earlier this year as well).

This phenomenon could have something to do with the “Devil you know” concept. The relatively unknown always seems scarier than the things we are familiar with. Aside from that, we tend to fear suffering, in most cases more than death itself. I mean I have thought to myself that I would like to go quickly when it’s my time (Not often. I’m not morbid! Honest!). Thus, we tend to have a greater fear of a long, drawn-out demise e.g. from AIDS; even though Heart Disease kills 50 times as many people (once again, American statistics).

This brings us back to the risks in finance. The idea is simple: if you screw up your finances, you are looking at possibly a very long, drawn-out period that would be spent answering for that. You might also have to drag your family along for the ride. It is not a pleasant thought. So, we would all do well to plan carefully and ensure that we don’t ruin ourselves. Security is the watch-word here, for ourselves and those we love. That said, how much security is too much security? I mean let’s try to be objective about it. In life, it seems that if you risk a little bit more, you raise the potential for gaining more…as well as losing more. So, there has to be a “middle-area”, right? Somewhere where the potential loss is not so big that we can’t get back on the horse again if the venture fails. Well, there is, in my opinion.

Those Wall Street CEOs…they had the right idea, before they put it on steroids. In order to effect real change, some risk-taking is required. That is how industry works. Google has launched an OS and Microsoft is stepping into the Search game again. Each of these is a risky venture, with the potential for much bruising down the line; but the game must be played. The concept of “security” might be enough to preserve the status-quo for a while, but progress requires shaking things up a bit. That’s part of the reason CEOs (not necessarily these chumps we talked about before…you know who you are!) get to earn as much money as they do; they have developed higher risk-tolerance, and an ability to “stick their necks out”. One might argue that it’s easy to do this if you’re already financially secure (as most of these folks are; darned bonuses!), but these ladies and gentlemen demonstrated those qualities long before they made it to the top. You see it at work, with the people who are more willing to take on responsibility with the risk of “screwing up” hanging over them. If things don’t work out, they might have to move jobs, but if they do, jackpot!

The idea of huge risks in “doing one’s own thing” is a also bit dated. This article on Time.com points out for instance that there isn’t nearly as much risk involved in entrepreneurship as one might think. It really comes down to planning. For instance, that’s what Business Plans are for. There’s also more opportunity to start with small things (not the 200 dollar “investment” in Blackjack in Vegas. I learnt my lesson from that one). Risk-tolerance is like a muscle. It needs exercise. You can flex it with inconsequential things at first, then up the stakes a little.

The most important thing is not to give into the knee-jerk reaction that comes when a little (okay, BIG)something like a recession comes along. One must not lose one’s objectivity in such situations. Investigate; do the research yourself. There are things that one can only learn by trying. The experience (along with prejudices and failures) of others can only carry anyone so far.

Besides, putting yourself out there makes you more alive. That’s partly what life is all about, you know?

You do yourself no justice if you don’t.

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